Wednesday, January 8, 2014

Instructor Tip: Student Participation




Hello instructors. As usual, I have been reading/researching for interesting and valuable information to share with you. Today, I have stumbled upon Faculty Focus which poses questions you must consider in order to encourage student participation.

How often do you ask a question and when do you ask it? How often depends on the teacher, but there’s evidence from more than one study that a lot of us over estimate how often we ask questions. Do not wait to ask all your questions at the end of class, students are hoping nobody says anything so they can get out a couple of minutes early. Ask questions occasionally throughout the class to engage the students. 

How long do you wait? Most faculty wait between two and three seconds before asking the question again, calling on somebody, rephrasing the question, answering the question themselves, or decideing nobody has anything to say and moving on. Instead, try waiting ten to twelve seconds. Time passes slowly when you’ve asked a question and there’s no sign of a response. It’s an awkward, uncomfortable time for the teacher and the students, however, waiting longer has its rewards.

Do you encourage reflection before response? Student input improves if you give them the opportunity to pull their thoughts together, jot down some ideas, talk with the person sitting next to them, look something up in the text, or just think about the question and how they might respond.

Do you move around? Faculty should move around the room into the student's space, forcing students to be present in the lecture. Do not stand behind the podium for the entire class period. 

Are you inviting engagement? As you move, establish direct eye contact with students. Many students will not look at you, but some will and you can encourage them to speak with your facial expressions. If you’re smiling and look relaxed, that kind of contact is none threatening.

How intently do you listen?  It’s hard enough to get students to talk in class, so give them your full attention. Don’t try to listen and sneak a peek at the clock or look down at your notes. Attentive listening can be confirmed by what you say after the student has finished: “Thank you. Let me see if I understand your response.” Follow up by rephrasing what the student said, not what you hoped the student would say.

How are you showing that you value student contributions? Refer to the content of a good answer later in the class period, during a subsequent class, or in online exchanges. Point out why an answer is good and write them on the board. Mention something you learned from a student contribution.

How often do you solicit feedback from students about interaction in your classroom? Ask for feedback on your responses to their contributions. Determine if they have learned from what other students said.

I hope you found this as informative as I have! To see this article and more you can find it at http://www.facultyfocus.com/articles/teaching-professor-blog/encouraging-student-participation-why-it-pays-to-sweat-the-small-stuff/.

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